NCS and EMGs diagnose nerve and muscle disorders, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, neuropathy, ALS, muscular dystrophies, myopathies and myasthenia gravis. During the NCS portion of the test electrodes and a stimulator are placed on the skin over the nerve that is being tested. A series of brief electrical impulses is given to stimulate the nerve. The EMG exam is performed by inserting a very thin, disposable needle into several muscles, one at a time, to record waveforms and listen to sounds produced by the muscle at rest and during small movements.

Penn118金宝搏抽水国家健康临床神经生理学实验室已由美国神经肌肉和电渗菌（AANEM）协会的示例性地位。Aanem Electrodiagngnostic（EDX）实验室认证计划是一项自愿，同行评审过程，旨在确定和承认基于专业标准的最高水平，绩效和诚信度的EDX实验室。

Some conditions tested for:

• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• 其他神经压缩和伤害
• 多元疗化
• ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease)
• Muscular dystrophies and other muscle disorders
• Myasthenia gravis和兰伯特肽综合症
  

诱发的潜力（EP）也称为诱发的反应，是响应电刺激而从神经到眼睛，耳朵或皮肤的电活动记录。在EP测试期间，将电极放置在头部上以响应于视觉刺激（观察屏幕上的图案），听觉刺激（通过耳机产生的声音）或给予臂或腿的小电脉冲。每种类型的EP都看出不同的神经系统途径：

• VEP – Visual Evoked Potential
• BAEP – Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential
• SSEP - 躯体感觉诱发潜力

Some conditions tested for:

• Multiple sclerosis
• 光学神经炎
• Spinal cord injuries

Autonomic testing consists of four separate tests. These tests include:

• Quantitative sweat measurements
• Heart rate deep breathing
• Valsalva Soneuver
• Head-up tilt table testing

Some conditions tested for:

• 心率异常或节奏/心悸（尤其是位置）
• Blood pressurechanges with positional change (especially standing)
• Heat intolerance, sweating too much or not enough
• Lightheadedness and fainting (especially upon standing)

t的常规脑电图记录电活动he brain for 20 to 40 minutes from wires placed on the scalp, with simultaneous video recording. It can be done in the outpatient or inpatient setting. Activation procedures, such as hyperventilation, intermittent photic stimulation and overnight sleep deprivation prior to the EEG, increase the chance of recording epileptiform activity and are commonly performed.

EEGs assist physicians in the diagnosis of seizures, status epilepticus (ongoing continuous seizures or very frequent seizures), certain儿童癫痫综合征(epileptic encephalopathies), brain infections (herpes encephalitis) and some rare forms of degenerative brain disease (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). EEGs are also helpful in the evaluation of the level of coma in unconscious patients.

使用常规EEG测试的条件：

• Any symptom suspected to be seizure
• 疑似儿童癫痫患者脑病
• Evaluation of level of coma in unconscious patients
• Suspected nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in confused or comatose patients
• 疑似疱疹脑炎
• Suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

The ambulatory EEG is performed in the outpatient setting and records brain activity for 24, 48 or 72 hours on a small recording device that the patient takes home. Electrodes are applied to the scalp with a glue-like substance, and the patient is sent home with a diary to record activities and any symptoms while performing normal daily duties. This test is valuable to record paroxysmal events and determine whether or not they are seizures, further characterize the type ofseizure or epilepsyand identify EEG abnormalities when the routine EEG is normal.

Continuous EEG monitoring refers to long-term (days to weeks) bedside EEG recording in an acute inpatient (often ICU) setting, with or without simultaneous video recording. Patients are often critically ill, with suspected or known status epilepticus, and continuous EEG (cEEG) is helpful in diagnosis and assessment of the efficacy of treatment. cEEG can also be used to monitor sedation, detect cerebral ischemia, assess the severity of encephalopathy and predict the patient’s prognosis.

Video-EEG监控是同时记录of EEG and videotaped behavior over several days to weeks. This is another type of long-term inpatient monitoring that is usually performed electively in a dedicated epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU). Video-EEG monitoring is helpful in the evaluation of spells when it is not clear if they areepileptic seizures. The EEG activity recorded during a spell can be correlated with the behavior on video to determine if the spell is a seizure.

Video-EEG monitoring is also used in patients with known epilepsy to characterize the seizure type and to help determine the site of seizure onset in patients who may benefit from surgery. Most often, electrodes are glued to the patient’s scalp, but in some cases electrodes may be surgically placed on the surface of the brain (subdural electrodes) or within the brain substance (intracerebral depth electrodes). EEG can also be recorded directly from the brain during surgery (intraoperative electrocorticography).

118金宝搏抽水Penn国家卫生癫痫中心被全国癫痫中心作为4级癫痫中心认可为4级癫痫中心，为复杂癫痫患者提供最高级别的医疗和外科评估和治疗。

医疗中心的EEG实验室已被脑电图（Lab-EEG）的EEG实验室认证委员会（Lab-EEG）进行认证，用于常规和长期监测。这意味着它符合严格的标准，并被认为是患者获得质量诊断的地方。

Long-term monitoring provides much more information than a traditional EEG and can help doctors better diagnose and treat patients. It is used:

• When a patient has new-onset seizures
• It is suspected that spells are not seizures
• 表征癫痫发作类型
• 癫痫发作是在集群中发生的
• 评估顽固的癫痫（患者对两种抗癫痫药物的耐火材料）
• 疑似癫痫发作或非盲目状态癫痫症被怀疑是改变精神状态的原因
• To monitor treatment of status epilepticus
• 监测镇静和高剂量抑制治疗
• 检测脑缺血
• 评估脑病和预后的严重程度