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困难的肝肿瘤的化学栓塞和放射性栓塞;选择可能取决于血流

三分之二的原发性肝癌患者和90%的继发性肝癌患者具有对全身化学疗法无反应的肿瘤,并且可能受益于跨性化学栓塞或YTTrium-90(Y-90)的跨性化学栓塞或放射栓塞,这两种肿瘤(Y-90)都可能受益匪浅(Y-90)。尽管研究表明跨性化学栓塞和Y-90通常是大多数中级肝细胞癌(HCC)的等效治疗方法1,,,,Heart and Vascular Institute决定哪种疗法对特定患者最有益时,请考虑肿瘤血液供应。

左图:在肝脏水平上,预化栓塞轴向,对比增强的CT扫描。右图:化学栓塞后轴向,对比度增强的CT扫描与上图相同的水平。

左图:在肝脏水平上,预化栓塞轴向,对比增强的CT扫描。白色箭头显示与肝细胞癌一致的肝脏7中7段中的高血管病变(33.8 mm x 31.6 mm)。

右图:化学栓塞后轴向,对比度增强的CT扫描与上图相同的水平。白色箭头显示了段7中治疗的病变(22.4 mm x 24.0 mm)。病变不再增强,大小降低。

Chemoembolization involves injection of 100-300 micron microspheres loaded with chemotherapy to block arteries that feed tumors, and to deliver chemotherapy directly to the tumor, sparing normal liver tissue. The team at118金宝搏抽水宾夕法尼亚州健康米尔顿·S·赫尔希医疗中心倾向于将化学栓塞用于HCC和其他血管肿瘤,这些肿瘤比周围的组织(包括神经内分泌肿瘤)吸收更多的血液。“在供应肿瘤和相邻实质的动脉中放入的任何栓塞物质更有可能在更高的血液流动区域分布。”Allene Salcedo Burdette, MD,放射学,外科和医学助理教授。

放射栓塞通过较小的递送提供了有针对性的高剂量辐射,20-60微米微球。The microspheres act as Y-90 delivery devices and enable radiation to distribute more distally “and more widely in hypovascular tumors that don’t attract a great deal of blood flow, compared to a tumor that draws a lot of blood,” Dr. Burdette adds. Mapping angiography with a radiotracer agent, performed prior to radioembolization, determines if Y-90 is safe for individual patients by mimicking Y-90 distribution. If the tracer is found in surrounding, non-hepatic tissues or an excessive amount enters the lungs, Y-90 therapy is deemed unsafe. At Hershey Medical Center, Y-90 is typically used for radioembolization of hypovascular metastases in the liver, such as colorectal cancer.

两种治疗的候选者包括患有原发性肝病的患者和转移性肝病的候选者,他们可能因多个回合的化疗或多种损伤而开始替代正常肝实质的肝功能。Burdette博士指出:“非肿瘤肝组织的栓塞风险是肝衰竭。”“肝功能越异常,肝衰竭的风险越高。”

化学栓塞的副作用包括流感样症状和疼痛,持续几天到几周;但是,有些患者没有不利影响。Y-90患者倾向于更好地耐受治疗,但经历了严重的疲劳。

在一项针对291名Y-90患者的研究中,生存期在癌症期和肝功能方面显着不同,范围为7.7至26.9个月。2在112例无法使用的HCC患者中进行化学栓塞的多机构试验(平均生存率为三到六个月)分别显示为一年和两年生存率,分别为82%和63%。3

“Chemoembolization and Y-90 are minimally invasive options, and have real effect in prolonging patients’ lives,” Dr. Burdette emphasizes.

A head-and-shoulders photo of Allene S. Burdette, MD

Allene S. Burdette, MD

放射学,外科和医学助理教授
介入放射科医生
Email:asb7@psu.edu
Fellowship:犹他州盐湖城的犹他大学血管和介入放射学
居住:诊断放射学,宾夕法尼亚州宾夕法尼亚州赫尔顿医118金宝搏抽水学中心,宾夕法尼亚州医学中心。
医学院:University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Ky.
与医学博士Allene S. Burdette连接Doximity

References:

  1. Fidelman N, Kerlan RK Jr.跨性化学栓塞和(90)肝细胞癌的放射栓塞:对中等阶段以外的当前应用的审查AJR Am J Roentgenol。2015年10月; 205(4):742-52。
  2. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/719102#vp_4。2016年3月1日访问。
  3. Douglas E. Ramsey, AB; Jean-Francois H. Geschwind, MD.不可切除的肝细胞癌的化学栓塞:综述Appl Radiol。2004;33(3).

宾夕法尼亚州立心脏和血管研究所(PSHVI) is a national model for comprehensive heart and vascular care, research, and medical education. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons ranked PSHVI among the most elite programs in the nation, with a three-star rating. We serve as the only heart transplant center in central Pennsylvania, including artificial heart placement.

World-renowned doctors, skilled physician extenders, and Magnet-recognized nurses work together to provide advanced care for both common and complex heart and vascular conditions. PSHVI provides options for treating structural heart disease, including TVAR, Watchman and MitraClip, and delivers Joint Commission-accredited programs in advanced heart failure and implanting ventricular assist devices as a long-term treatment or as a bridge to heart transplant.

Our PSHVI physicians and scientists are committed to advancing the knowledge of causes and effects of cardiovascular disease through research and clinical trials and to training the physicians of the future.

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